Hydraulic compression mechanism.



G. HANIQUET. HYDRAULIC coMPnEssmN Mecmmlsm.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 24. 1915.

Patented May 9, 1916.

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GEORGE HANIQUET,

VEHICLE COMPANY, OF LOS ANGELES,

FORNIA.

Specification of Letters Patent.

0F LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR T0 SANITARY GARBAGE CALIFORNIA, A CORPORATION OF CALI- HYDRAULIC COMPRESSION MECHANISM.

Patented May 9, 1916.

Application fi1ed February 24, 1915. Serial No. 10,250.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE I-IANIQUET, a citizen of the United States, residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles, State of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in Hydraulic Compression Mechanisms, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improvements in compression mechanisms, and specifically in compression mechanisms adapted, among other things, to garbage collecting vehicles of the character shown and described in Patents Nos. 902,115 and 1,088,104, both issued to Alfred Gr. Sharp; and the improvements herein specified comprise particularly the application of hydraulic power mechanism for the purpose of compressingthe collected garbage and expressing the water therefrom. The general objects and advantages of expressing the fluid are explained in said Letters Patent.

It is my primary object in this improvement to provide an efficient and powerful mechanism for compressing garbage (or other material).

It is also my object to provide a mechanism which is semi-automatic in its nature; that is, which when once put in operation by manual control will continue in operation until the full compression is effected and the mechanism is returned to its normal position.

It will also be understood that my mechanism is applicable to any situation where compression of the sort described is desired, to compression of materials other than garbage.

For the purpose of this specification I have illustrated my now preferred form of mechanism in the accompanying drawings in which- Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section showing my improved mechanism, Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view showing the valve mechanism, Fig. 3 is a rear end view of the vehicle, and Fig. 4 is an enlarged section showing in detail one of the door locking members.

In the drawings the numeral 10 designates a vehicle frame supported upon wheels 11. The vehicle may be an automobile with a propelling engine 12, the engine propelling the vehicle through the medium of shaft 13. From this shaft I operate a suitable fluid pump 14; the pump may be connected with the shaft 13 by the chain 15 and the clutch 16, which clutch 1s operated from a pedal 17 to throw the pump into and out of operation. The pump draws its Huid through pipe 18 from reservoir 19 and delivers the fluid under pressure through the pipe 20 to the fourway valve 21.

Mounted on the rear end of the vehicle frame is the garbage receptacle 25, preferably cylindrical in shape, having an opening 26 which may be closed by a sliding door 27. At the bottom of this receptacle there is a false floor 28 with perforations 29. A swinging door 30 closes the rear end of the garbage receptacle. This door is preferably constructed as illustrated with a solid exterior plate 31 and perforated interior plate 32, spaced apart so that the fluid pressed from the garbage may ilow downwardly between the two plates and thence through the perforations in plate 32 to the space below the false Hoor 28. The door 30 is mounted upon an arm 33 hinged at 34 so that the door may be swung around horizontally; and the locking mechanism from the door is operated by hydraulic pressure. A small cylinder 36 is mounted upon the door and has therein a piston 37. A suitable valve 38 controls admission of pressure to the other end of the cylinder, the valve being suitably connected with the pressure side of the pump 14 by a pipe or tube 39. A rotatable ring 40 is mounted upon the door and a plurality of bolts 41 is connected with the ring in such a manner that rotation of the ring will cause a longitudinal movement of the bolts. These bolts have beveled faces 42 on their outer ends which enter apertures 43 in the member 44 which is rigidly secured to the body of the garbage receptacle. The outwar movement of the bolts, which is accomplished by an upward movement of piston 37 and by rotation of the ring 40 in the direction indicated, causes a wedging action which forces the door 30 tightly and rmly into place at the rear end of the receptacle. With the mechanism thus described I provide a simple, efficient and powerful means of holding the rear door in position against the great pressure to which it is subjected.

' At the front of the garbage receptacle I ari-auge the hydraulic cylinder- 50 with. piston ."il tlwrcin, plunger rod 52 connpcting the piston 5l with the compression piston .l in the rcreptacle 25. A suitable stulling` hex 5l is plat-.cil at the rear end of the cylinder 5U. lhe compression piston 53 is of suitable heavy consti uct'ion and is perforated as shown at 54.. When the piston 53 is moved. rearwardly against the garbage in the receptacle the fluid flows through the perforations 511 to the opposite side of the piston; and the fluid which has passed beneath thc false floor 28 may also rise on the forward side of the piston. This fluid may b`e discharged at any time, say through the discharge cock 55.

The automatic hydraulic mechanism for causing operation of the piston will now be described.

In the drawings I have shown the various parts in the position assumed when the pistons 51 and 53 are about to begin their rearward movements. The normal position of the valve 2l is with the valve arm 60, vertically, and in this position none of the pipes 20, 61, 62 and 63 are in communication. A foot pedal 64, or any similar member may be connected by rod 65 with the valve arm 60 to throw the valve arm to the position shown. r1he pump 14 being put into operation, fluid pressure passes through pipe 20, through the valve passage 66 and through pipe 61 to the forward end of cylinder 50, with the result that piston 51 is moved rearwardly, and piston 53 is pushed rearwardly against the garbage in the receptacle. I am employing automatic mechanism for throwing the valve 21 to its opposite position when suflicient pressure has ,been raised upon the garbage. I have a small control valve 70 (shown in detail in Fig. 2) embodying a diaphragm 71 which operates valve 72. A spring 73 is adjustable by a screw threaded plug 74 and opposes the movement of the diaphragm 71, which movement is caused by the fluid pressure in the chamber 75, said chamber being connected by pipe 76 with the fluid pressure pipe 20. Then the resistance to the movement of piston 53 increases to a certain predetermined amount, then the fluid pressure in pi e 2() and in the chamber 75 will become su cient to move the diaphragm 71 and to thus raise the valve 72. Raising the valve 72 opens communication between the pipe 76 and pipe 77 leading to one end of the valve actuating cylinder 78. This cylinder has a piston 79 whose movement is opposed by a spring 80, the spring being of sufficient strength to return the piston to normal position after each operation. Fluid ressure admitted on the forward side of piston 79 will immediately press that piston back. The piston rod 81 connects with a link 82 having a slot 83 engaging a pin 84 on valve arm 60;v and the pressure induced movement of piston 7 9 will cause the valve arm 60 to be moved from the position shown to a position equally inclined in the opposite direction, throwing the valve through an angle of 90 degrees and causing the valve passage 66 to then connect pipe 20 with pipe 63 and causing the valve passage 66n to then connect pipe 62 with pipe 61. The fluid pressure will then immediately flow from pipe 20 through pipe 63 to the rear end of the cylinder 50 and the piston 51 will then reverse its movement and move back toward its normal position. In the meantime, the fluid in the forward end of the cylinder will flow back through the pipe 61 and through the valve 21 and through pipe 62 into the reservoir 19. The fluid pressure required to move the piston 51 back to its normal position being less than that required to compress the garbage, the valve 72 will be closed by action of a spring 73 and the cylinder 78 will no longer be connected with the fluid pressure. A small leak port 85 will allow the fluid to pass from one side of the piston to the other, the spring pressing the piston toward its normal position shown in Fig. 2; and, the piston having reached its normal position, the slotted linlf 82 is moved to the position shown and thus moves the valve arm 60 back to its normal vertical position. The piston 51 has by this time reached its normal position.

Frein the pipe 20 a branch pipe 20a leads to reservoir 19; and a valve 100 controls connection of pipe 2O with pipe 20a. Valve 100 is mechanically connected with valve 21. by arms 21", 100b and rod 101, so that the valves move together. When the valve 21 is in normal position the valve 100 is in position to connect pipe 20 with pipe 20, and when the valve 21 is in either of its working positions the valve 100 connects the pipe 2O straight through and disconnects the pipe 20a. Thus at all times when the pump is disconnected with the cylinder 50, when the valve 21 is in normal position, the pump is directly connected with the reservoir on its pressure side as well as on its suction side. This operation may be repeated each time a charge of garbage is placed in the receptacle, the charge being compressed to a small space at the rear of the receptacle and the water being discharged as desired. A great pressure may be generated and the garbage compressed to a very small bulk; so that a great quantity of the garbage may be carried in a small space.

When it is desired to discharge the garbage, the rear door is opened and the valve 21 is thrown to the position shown in Fig. 2. The piston 51 starts its rearward movement; but the automatic pressure operated mechanism, including the valve 70, is not thrown into operation for the reason that a sufficient pressure is not raised against the garbage when the rear door is opened to cause the operation of the valve 70. The piston 51 consequently continues its rearward movement until it passes a small port 90 which is connected by a pipe 91 with thc valve 21 at the port 63a at which the pipe 62 connects. The fluid pressure behind the piston 51 is consequently received through the pipe 91, the valve port 66a and the pipe G2 to the reservoir 19; and the piston 51 stops at this position, which corresponds to the position of piston 53 at the rear end of the receptacle 25. The garbage is thus totally dischargef'l. Having reached this l'iosilion, the valve 21 may be operated manually to its opposite position to`cause the opposite movement of the piston 51, Huid pressure being sent through the pipe 63 to the rear end of cylinder 50. It will be noted that fluid pressure will be also simultaneously sent through the small relief pipe 91 to the forward side of the piston until the piston passes the port 90', but the pipe 63 is of a larger size than pipe 91 and the space in the cylinder 50 forward of the piston 51 is then connected by the valve 21 with the reservoir 19; so that little or no pressure is raised on the forward side of the piston while suiiicient pressure is raised on the rear side of the piston to start it toward its normal position.

Having described a specific form of my invention, I claim:

1. In combination, a receptacle for material to be compressed, a compression piston therein, a hydraulic cylinder and piston connected with the compression piston, a source of hydraulic pressure, a valve con Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the trolling admission of fluid to said cylinder, said valve adapted to be manually thrown to position to connect the source of hydraulic pressure to the cylinder on that side of the piston which will cause the compression piston to move against the material to be compressed, and means automatically operated by the hydraulic pressure when it reaches a certain predetermined amount to throw said valve to a position wherein the other end of the cylinder is connected to said hydraulic pressure source.

2. In combination, a receptacle for material to be compressed, a compression piston therein, a hydraulic cylinder and a piston therein connected with the compression piston, a hydraulic pump, a valve controlling admission of hydraulic pressure to either end of the cylinder and adapted to be manually thrown to position to connect the pump to the cylinder on that side of the piston which will cause the compression piston to move against the material to be co-mpressed, means automatically operated by the hydraulic pressure when it reaches a certain predetermined amount to throw said valve to a position wherein the other end of the cylinder is connected to the pump, a liquid reservoir from which the pump takes liquid, and means cooperating with said valve to divert the hydraulic pressure from the pump into said reservoir.

In witness that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto subscribed my name this 15th day of February 1915.

EORGE HANIQUET. l/Vitnesses:

JAMES T. BARKELEW, ELWOOD H. BARKELEW.

Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C." 

